The formation of decayed teeth is a complex process. Bacteria on the surface of the teeth combine with food debris and saliva to form a layer called plaque. This plaque stays on the teeth and produces acids over time.
The acids dissolve the enamel and cause a hole to form in the tooth. This hole grows over time and reaches deeper into the tooth. If the decay is left untreated, it can damage the nerves and blood vessels of the tooth and lead to tooth loss.
To prevent cavities, regular brushing, flossing and oral care are important. Avoiding sugary and carbohydrate foods, regular check-ups with the dentist and using toothpastes containing fluoride can also help prevent cavities.